[Evaluation of trauma patterns and their related factors in Besat Hospital in Sanandaj in 2012]

Trauma is one of the world's most important public health challenges. Considering the advances made in technology and industrialization of societies in the last century, trauma and its complications have been regarded a major problem because, it is the most common cause of death and disability in people between1 and 44 years of age. The aim of this study was to determine trauma patterns in the trauma victims treated at Besat Hospital in Sanandaj in 1390. This was a descriptive-analytical study and included 4016 patients who had referred to Besat Hospital in Sanandaj due to trauma. Data were entered into SPSS V.18 software and analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square test. We used Mann-Whitny U test for the variable of age because distribution of age was not normal. 1263 patients [31.4%] were female and 2753 [68.6%] were male. The mean age of the study population was 31.7 +/- 19.6[age range: 1 month to 90 years]. 131 patients [3.3%] had penetrating and 3885 [96.7%] had blunt trauma. 20 patients [0.5%] died from trauma related injuries. Patterns of trauma had significant relationships with gender and type of traumatic event [p<0.001].There was also a statistically significant relationship between age and trauma patterns [p = 0.006], but the patterns of trauma and trauma-related deaths did not show any statistically significant relationship [p = 0.410]. The rate of traffic accidents is high among the young people who are the most active and competent group in the society. Prevention of These accidents requires meticulous planning. Well-equipped emergency rooms can have an important role in the reduction of mortality rate due to trauma related injuries

[Assessment of the expression of self renewal genes [Tcl1, Tbx3, Dppa4 and Esrrb] in bladder, liver, colon and prostate cancers]

Here we examined the expression of self renewal regulatory factors such as, Esrrb, Tcl1, Tbx3 and Dppa4 in several tissue samples of cancers and cancer cell lines. These genes are required for efficient self renewal of embryonic stem cells. Caco2, HT-29, HT 1376, Ln Cap, and HepG2 cells were cultured in T25 flasks. Considering the clinical and laboratory findings, human tumor samples were obtained under direct supervision of the medical specialists. Then we evaluated expression of self renewal genes [Tbx3, Tcl1, Esrrb, Dppa4] by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCE] in the above mentioned cells and human tumor samples. To confirm the validity of the laboratory tests, we studied negative control samples and internal control genes. Our data revealed the expression of self renewal genes [TCL1, TBX3, ESRRB and DPPA4] in bladder, liver, prostate and colon cancers and also cancer cell lines. Colon, liver, prostate and bladder cancer cells can express TCL1, TBX3, ESRRB and DPPA4 genes, which are specific markers of stem cells. Therefore in malignant cells of the above mentioned cancers, some cells have the characteristics of stem cells and can play an essential role in the proliferation of malignant cells

Evaluation of the expression of self renewal genes [Oct-4, Nanog, Sox2, Nucleostemin, Bmi and Zfx] in bladder, colon and prostate cancers and in cancer cell lines [LNCaP, HepG2, HT-29, CaCo[2], HT-1376]

Uncontrolled self renewal plays a direct function in different types of carcinoma progression. Here we examined the expression of self renewal regulatory factors such as Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, Nucleostemin, Zfx, Bmi-1 in colon, prostate, bladder and liver cancers in human samples and cancer cell lines. We used RT-PCR to examine the expression of these genes in 10 tumors of bladder, 5 tumors of prostate, 5 tumors of colon, 5 normal tissues of colon, and cancer cell lines. The expression of Oct-4 and Nucleostemin at protein level was further determined by immunocytochemical [ICC] analysis in cancer cell lines. We designed specific primers to amplify a segment of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, Nucleostemin, Bmi and Zfx. As expected DNA fragment of these genes based on designated primer was amplified in the PCR reaction. We detected the expression of these genes in almost all of the examined tumor samples and cancer cell lines that we used. Oct4 and Nucleostemin proteins were expressed in both nuclear and cytoplasmic in cancer cell lines. No immunoreactivity was observed in negative controls, which were incubated in the absence of primary antibody. Collectively, our results indicated that in a tumor population a rare subpopulation of cells within the tumor cell mass has the potential of self renewal, and suggested that their expression can be used as potential tumor markers in diagnosis and/or prognosis of tumors. These results confirm the potential value of the cancer stem-cell theory in cancer therapy

huge non- parasitic splenic cyst: a case report

Splenic cysts are unusual in everyday surgical practice. Primary splenic cyst is a relatively rare disease the majority of cases are classified as epithelial cyst that in some cases has a huge appearance. In the literature, only about 1000 cases of epithelial cysts of spleen have been reported. This case is a 10-year old boy who presented with unusual complaints such as mild abdominal discomfort and sensation of fullness in the left side of abdomen together with enlargement and asymmetry. Ultrasonic and radiological examination [IV-oral abdominal CT-scan], showed a simple cyst of spleen with a diameter of 20 cm pushing the left kidney posteriorly. Test for hydatid cyst was performed and after a successful splenectomy the patient was discharged. The pathologic examination, confirmed the diagnosis of epithelial cyst. Epithelial cysts of spleen are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. Also they may be detected by presenting with unusual complaints or enlargement of the cyst and its complications like hemorrhage and rupture. Simple splenic cyst with more than 5 cm in diameter must be resected by surgical Intervention. Large cysts can damage spleen and increase risk of bleeding during partial splenectomy. Therefore in such cases total splenectomy is the best method of surgery

Report of a case of Papillary cystic solid tumor of pancreas

Papillary cystic tumor of pancreas is a rare neoplasm which principally affects young women. It has a good prognosis and has a low malignant potential. Because of its similarity to other cystic pancreatic lesions, preoperative diagnosis is difficult to make. Our patient was a 19 years old girl who presented with an abdominal mass. Definitive diagnosis was not made preoperatively. The diagnosis of papillary cystic neoplasm was made through histopathological examination of the specimen after surgery. The patient has had no evidence of recurrence during the last six months. This rare tumor may be symptomless or may present with vague symptoms such as feeling of abdominal heaviness. Complete removal of the tumor will culminate in a low recurrence rate